Homily on the Holy Feast of the Palms
By St. John Chrysostom
"Six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was whom He had raised from the dead," to the home of Mary and Martha, where "they made a meal for Him." Martha was serving and Lazarus ate. This was a sign that Lazarus really resurrected: that many days later, he was alive and eating. It’s clear, then, that the meal took place in the home of Martha. They welcomed Jesus because they were friends and were loved by Him. But some say this took place in a stranger's home. Mary served because she was a disciple. Again, she performs a more spiritual service here; she did not serve as she would to a guest, but only to Him did she provide the honor, not as if to a man, but as if to God. This is why she poured myrrh and wiped it off with her hair, things that showed her esteem towards Him was unlike that which was given by many. But Judas censured her under the pretext of supposed piety. So what did Christ say? "Leave her alone; she has kept it for the day of My burial." Why did He not rebuke the disciple for censuring the woman, nor say what the evangelist said, that He censured the woman because he was a thief? By His great forbearance He wanted to bring him to shame and turn him away from his plans. For, that He knew he was a traitor, is shown by the fact that He rebuked him from the beginning saying many times, "Not all believe," and, "One of you is a devil." In other words, He stated that He knew he would be a traitor, but He did not openly rebuke him, but He forgave him, wanting to prevent him from moving forward with his plan.
How then does someone else say, that all the disciples said this? All of them said it and he said it, but the others did not have the same intention. But if anyone wants to examine, if he was a thief, why was he given the moneybox for the poor and made the money-handler, even though he was avaricious? What we can say, is that Jesus knew the secret reason; but if it is necessary for us to say something, He did it to cut off every pretense. Otherwise it could not be said, that he did it out of his love for money (in as much as he had a capable consolation in his desire with the moneybox), but out of his great wickedness, which if he wanted to restrain, he would not have betrayed the benefactor. Christ however, showing him much condescension, tolerated him for a long time. This is why he was not censured for stealing, although of course He knew it, preventing his cunning desire and removing every excuse from him. This is why he said: "Leave her alone; she has kept it for the day of My burial." Again He reminded the traitor, referring to His "burial." But the rebuke did not touch his soul, nor did his words soften him, even though He was able to create pity within him; it was as if he were telling him, "I am hated and burdensome, but wait a minute and I will leave." He was preparing this and foretold it when he said: "You will not have Me with you always." But none of this made the savage and furious man change his mind, although of course He said and did much more, washing his feet the same night, and offering him food from the same table.
"When the great crowd of the Jews learned that He was there, they came not only because of Jesus but also to see Lazarus, whom He had raised from the dead." And when they saw the miracle they all believed. Not satisfied with their own wickedness, however, the leaders also attempted to have Lazarus killed. As it says: "So the chief priests planned to put Lazarus to death as well, since it was on account of him that many of the Jews were deserting and were believing in Jesus." Be that as it may, they wanted to put Christ to death because He had broken the Sabbath, He had made Himself equal to God and, according to them, also because of the Romans, so that they would not destroy the land and the nation. But what was the charge against Lazarus, that they should want to kill him, other than the crime that something good had happened to him? You see how their whole intention was murderous? Now, he had worked many signs, but none of them made them so furious as this, not the paralytic nor the blind man. Because this in itself was more miraculous. It had taken place after many others and it was absolutely extraordinary to see a man four days dead yet walking around and talking. What stupidity on the part of the supposed high priests. All they achieved was to involve murders with the celebrations for their feast. There [in the case of Christ] they believed He was abolishing the Sabbath and leading the multitudes astray by deceit, but here, since they had nothing to lie about, they simply directed their attack against the person who had been cured. Here they couldn’t even say that He opposed the Father, because the command [the authoritative "Lazarus, come forth"] silenced them.
Since what they always accused Him of was groundless and this miracle was particularly outstanding, they resorted to murder. Which they would have done in the case of the blind man, as well, had they not had the excuse of the Sabbath. In any case, the blind man was unimportant and they simply expelled him from the temple, but Lazarus was of better standing, as is obvious from the numbers who came to comfort his sisters. So the miracle took place before the eyes of many people and in the strangest manner, which is why crowds flocked to see Him. This is what annoyed them: that, though the feast was continuing, people were leaving everything and making their way to Bethany. So they decided to do away with Him and didn’t think it wickedness on their part. That’s how murderous they were. This is why the first of the laws begins: "Do not kill." And the prophet condemns this, saying: "For your hands are covered in blood" [Isaiah 1:15].
"The next day the great crowd that had come to the festival heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem. So they took branches of palm trees and went out to meet him, shouting: 'Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel!’." How was it then, that though He didn’t walk boldly through Judea and withdrew into the desert, He now came boldly to Jerusalem? Because their anger had abated with His withdrawal and now that it had passed He came. Besides, the crowds which preceded and followed Him were of sufficient size to worry the leaders. For no miracle disturbed them so much as that of Lazarus. Another Evangelist writes that they spread their garments at His feet and that the whole city shook from the honor accorded to His entry.
"Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it; as it is written: 'Do not be afraid, daughters of Zion. Behold, your king is coming to you, sitting on a donkey’s colt!’" He did this in order to fulfill one prophecy and to prefigure another. The same event completed one and began another. "Do not be afraid, daughters of Zion. Behold, your king is coming to you, meek and sitting on a donkey’s colt" [Zech. 9:9] was certainly the prophecy being fulfilled. By sitting on the colt of a donkey He indicated that the unclean race of the Gentiles would submit to Him.
How is it that the other Evangelists say that He sent His disciples to untie the donkey and the colt, whereas [John] merely says "Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it"? Well, it was natural for both to happen: the disciples returned with the colt, and He sat on it. Again, the branches of palm and olive trees and the clothes they placed on the ground demonstrate that they thought of Him more highly than a prophet and they cried to Him: "Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord." You can see that this choked the high priests and scribes more than anything, because people believed that He wasn’t against God. It was this above all else that divided people: that He said He came from the Father. The prophet said "Do not be afraid, daughters of Zion, but rejoice greatly" because most of their kings had been unjust and grasping and had delivered them to their enemies. They perverted the people and made them subservient to their foes. "Take courage," he says, "this one is not like them. He’s meek and merciful." This is apparent from the donkey, since He didn’t make His entry at the head of a body of troops, but only with a donkey.
"His disciples did not understand these things at first; but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things had been written of Him and had been done to Him." Do you see, they mostly acted in ignorance. But after He had risen from the dead, "then they remembered that these things had been written of Him and had been done to Him." He didn’t reveal them. Indeed, when He said, ‘Tear down this temple and I will rebuild it in three days," the disciples didn’t understand this, either. Another Evangelist says that the message was hidden from them and they didn’t realize that He would rise from the dead. It’s easy to understand why this was hidden, because another Evangelist says that, when the disciples heard on a daily basis about the passion, they were worried and sad. This was because they didn’t understand the message of the resurrection. This was justifiably concealed from them because it was beyond their spiritual powers, but why was the meaning of the donkey hidden from them? Because this, too, was a great thing. And look at the thinking of the Evangelist. He wasn’t ashamed to proclaim their previous ignorance because, of course, they knew what had been written, but not that it had been written about Him. It might have shocked them if a king were to undergo such things. Besides, they wouldn’t have been able to absorb immediately the knowledge of the kingdom they were talking about. In fact, another Evangelist writes that they thought they were speaking of this [earthly] kingdom.
"So the crowd that had been with Him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb and raised him from the dead continued to testify. It was also because they heard that He had performed this sign that the crowd went to meet Him." For so many people wouldn’t have changed their mind so quickly if they hadn’t heard of the miracle. "The Pharisees then said to one another, ‘You see, you can do nothing. Look, people have gone after him!'" I believe that these words were spoken by those who were, of course, healthy, in spiritual terms, but lacked the courage to declare their opinion boldly. Saint Paul also gives this as a reason when he talks about the resurrection. What defense will those people have who don’t believe in the resurrection?
Leaving this subject, then, so as not to keep you unnecessarily with a labyrinth of a homily, let me just say this. Take care to listen to the reading of the divine Scriptures and don’t quarrel over anything useless, to the detriment of those who listen to you. This is also what Saint Paul advised Timothy to do, even though, of course, he was full of great wisdom and had the power to work miracles. So let us show obedience to Him, and avoiding idle talk, let’s engage in works, instead. By that I mean loving others, being hospitable, and showing interest in charity, so that we may attain to the good things which God has promised to us, through the grace and love of our Lord Jesus Christ, through Whom and with Whom be glory to the Father and the Holy Spirit to the ages of ages. Amen.
